The UK government has announced plans to decriminalise rough sleeping by repealing the 1824 Vagrancy Act. Deputy Prime Minister Angela Rayner called the law “cruel and outdated” as it criminalised homelessness for nearly two centuries. New legislation will instead focus on tackling organised begging and trespassing while protecting vulnerable individuals.
Moreover, the Vagrancy Act, introduced in 1824, made rough sleeping and begging illegal in England and Wales. Prosecutions under the act have declined in recent years, with only 59 convictions in 2023 compared to 810 in 2011. Labour’s decision to scrap the law fulfils a long-standing demand from homelessness charities.
Rayner said the repeal would “draw a line under nearly two centuries of injustice.” She emphasised that rough sleeping decriminalised policies ensure no one is punished simply for being homeless. The government will introduce alternative measures to address aggressive begging and criminal trespass.
In addition, while rough sleeping decriminalised moves forward, the government plans stricter rules against organised begging rings. Amendments to the Crime and Policing Bill will create new offences, including:
- Facilitating begging for financial gain
- Trespassing with intent to commit crimes
Therefore, these changes aim to give police clearer powers without penalising those forced onto the streets. The previous Conservative government had also pledged to repeal the Vagrancy Act but delayed replacement legislation.
Homelessness organisations have celebrated the decision. Crisis CEO Matt Downie called it a “landmark moment” that will help thousands access support. He praised the government for rejecting punitive approaches and focusing on solutions.
Other campaigners hope this signals a shift toward compassionate policies. With rough sleeping decriminalised, outreach services can now engage more effectively with vulnerable people. The government has also pledged additional funding for homelessness prevention programmes.
The repeal is expected to take effect in 2025. Meanwhile, local authorities will receive guidance on managing public spaces humanely. Critics warn that without proper housing investment, decriminalisation alone won’t solve homelessness.
As England and Wales move toward rough sleeping decriminalised policies, advocates urge faster action on affordable housing and mental health support. This long-awaited reform could redefine how society addresses homelessness in the 21st century.
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