The UK government may soon adopt anti-subversion laws to protect democracy from increasing state-sponsored threats. Jonathan Hall KC, the independent reviewer of national security laws, will release his report this week. His review focuses on how hostile states manipulate open societies like Britain.
Home Secretary Yvette Cooper requested the review in late 2024. She asked Mr Hall to examine whether counter-terrorism laws could apply to hostile foreign influence. The review pays close attention to aggressive actions from Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and Russian-linked groups.
Speaking ahead of the report, Mr Hall warned about modern threats using online platforms. Foreign agents now use apps like Telegram to recruit and control individuals within the UK. Young people, once lured by terrorism, now engage in sabotage for foreign causes.
These threats grow through encrypted messaging and disinformation campaigns. According to Mr Hall, hostile actors spread divisive narratives to erode public trust. Topics include gender identity, race, religion, and national history. Their goal is to weaken Britain from within.
Russia-backed groups use cultural and religious themes to gain support. They present Russia as a defender of traditional Western values. These narratives appeal to isolated individuals, making them easier to radicalise.
The UK must respond to these risks, Mr Hall said. Anti-subversion laws could allow the government to stop the funding and promotion of extremist groups. These laws would also help block recruitment efforts online.
While the National Security Act 2023 introduced new offences, enforcement remains difficult. Proving foreign involvement is a major legal challenge. Mr Hall suggested a return to Cold War-style vigilance and stronger public awareness.
He also asked whether the UK should block extremist candidates from elections. The Muslim Brotherhood was mentioned in this context. Such action would need legal safeguards to ensure fairness and judicial oversight.
Anti-subversion laws must apply equally to all, Mr Hall added. Any new policy must protect free speech while securing national stability. The right legal tools, balanced by oversight, are essential to address today’s hybrid threats.
The UK faces a new era of state-based threats. For that reason, anti-subversion laws may become vital to protecting the country’s future.
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